1. Chinese came to America because they believed you could get rich quick because of the gold. Japanese came to America for the Higher pay. Russian Jews came to escape religious persecution. The other Europeans came to America because of the rising population of Europe, and the scarcity of farm land.
2. First the immigrants had endure a long boat ride with poor sanitation, and no clean air (they were in steerage), then if they survived the boat ride (when week from Europe, three from Asia) you would arrive at Ellis Island (if you were from Europe) for an inspection, questioning, and possible detainment. If you were coming from Asia, however, than you had to pass through Angel island where you were detained for long periods in ramshackle huts and were harshly questioned.
Tuesday, September 29, 2009
Tuesday, September 22, 2009
Labor and Big business quiz
Laissez faire was the philosophy that because the market was never made, that no one has the right to meddle in it. Laissez faire also emphasized the fact that virtuous, hard-working people could rise to the top. A good example of this was Andrew Carnegie. The laizzez faire philosophy discouraged governemtn intervention in business to improve the salries or working conditions of laborers. Another ideaology was Social Darwinism. Social darwinism was the belief that the strong should surivive (the rich) and the weak (the poor) should perish to make humanity stronger. Social darwinism was used by big business owners like John D. Rockerfellar to justify the low wages, unsafe working conditions, and long hours in their factories.
Sunday, September 20, 2009
Labor and Big business
the Knights of Labor
a. Identification
founded by Uriah stephens in 1869. Membership was open regardless of race, gender, or degree of skill. Advocated 8 hour workday and advocated "equal work for equal pay" between men and women. Believed strikes were last resort, at height in 1886, had 700,00 members.
b. Significance
One of the first unions to accept all workers but never grew to be very large.
the Haymarket riot
a. Identification
Evening of may 4, 1886 3000 people gathered at Chicago's haymarket square to protest police brutality. Police arrived, someone threw a bomb, police fired at crowd. Seven police men and several stirkers died.
b. Significance
After the violence people began turning against unions.
the American Federation of Labor
a. Identification
Founded in 1886 by Samuel Gompers. Focused on negotiating between representatives of business and labor to reach written agreements on hours, wages and working conditions. Unlike the Knights of Labor the AFL used strikes as a major tactic.
b. Significance
Between 1890 and 1915 the average weekly wages in unionized industry rose from $17.50 to 24 and average work-week fell from 54.5 hours to a bit und 49 hours. AFL was a sucessful union
Samuel Gompers
a. Identification
led the cigar maker's international union to join with other craft unions in 1886. President of AFL
b. Significance
helped to create the American federation of Labor and was president.
the Homestead strike
Carnegie steel workers
a. Identification
Carnegie steel workers call strike on june 29 1892 after anounced pay cuts. Company hired strikebreakers and detectives. Battle killed 3 detectives and nine strikers. National guard arrived on july 12. Strike continued until November, strikers finally gave in.
b. Significance
IT took 45 years for steel workers to mobilize like that again.
the Pullman strike
a. Identification
Spring of 1894 stirke called when pullman company refused ot restore wages. ARU boycotted pullman trains. Pullman hired strikebreakers, stirke turned violent. Federal troops called, debs jailed, strikers blacklisted.
b. Significance
Strikers blacklisted, debbs jailed
Eugene V. Debs
a. Identification
Founder of American Railway Union, organized pullman strike, spokesperson for socialist party of America. In 1912 won 900000 votes.
b. Significance
Founder of American Railway Union, organized pullman strike, spokesperson for socialist party of America. In 1912 won 900000 votes.
the Industrial Workers of the World
a. Identification
founded in 1905 by a group of radical unionists and socialists. Leader was Big Bill Haywood. welcomed african americans, membership never topped 100000
b. Significance
One major strike victory in 1912, gave dignity to workers.
a. Identification
founded by Uriah stephens in 1869. Membership was open regardless of race, gender, or degree of skill. Advocated 8 hour workday and advocated "equal work for equal pay" between men and women. Believed strikes were last resort, at height in 1886, had 700,00 members.
b. Significance
One of the first unions to accept all workers but never grew to be very large.
the Haymarket riot
a. Identification
Evening of may 4, 1886 3000 people gathered at Chicago's haymarket square to protest police brutality. Police arrived, someone threw a bomb, police fired at crowd. Seven police men and several stirkers died.
b. Significance
After the violence people began turning against unions.
the American Federation of Labor
a. Identification
Founded in 1886 by Samuel Gompers. Focused on negotiating between representatives of business and labor to reach written agreements on hours, wages and working conditions. Unlike the Knights of Labor the AFL used strikes as a major tactic.
b. Significance
Between 1890 and 1915 the average weekly wages in unionized industry rose from $17.50 to 24 and average work-week fell from 54.5 hours to a bit und 49 hours. AFL was a sucessful union
Samuel Gompers
a. Identification
led the cigar maker's international union to join with other craft unions in 1886. President of AFL
b. Significance
helped to create the American federation of Labor and was president.
the Homestead strike
Carnegie steel workers
a. Identification
Carnegie steel workers call strike on june 29 1892 after anounced pay cuts. Company hired strikebreakers and detectives. Battle killed 3 detectives and nine strikers. National guard arrived on july 12. Strike continued until November, strikers finally gave in.
b. Significance
IT took 45 years for steel workers to mobilize like that again.
the Pullman strike
a. Identification
Spring of 1894 stirke called when pullman company refused ot restore wages. ARU boycotted pullman trains. Pullman hired strikebreakers, stirke turned violent. Federal troops called, debs jailed, strikers blacklisted.
b. Significance
Strikers blacklisted, debbs jailed
Eugene V. Debs
a. Identification
Founder of American Railway Union, organized pullman strike, spokesperson for socialist party of America. In 1912 won 900000 votes.
b. Significance
Founder of American Railway Union, organized pullman strike, spokesperson for socialist party of America. In 1912 won 900000 votes.
the Industrial Workers of the World
a. Identification
founded in 1905 by a group of radical unionists and socialists. Leader was Big Bill Haywood. welcomed african americans, membership never topped 100000
b. Significance
One major strike victory in 1912, gave dignity to workers.
Wednesday, September 16, 2009
Monday Homework
The federal government gave land and made loans to the railroad companies. Why was the government so eager to promote the growth of railroads?
Railroads provided people, business, and infrastructure to the western US. The railroads connected isolated towns, and created a huge number of jobs for people. In fact, entire cities (like Chicago (which was known for its stockyards) and Minneapolis (for its grain industry)) began to specialize in one industry which they would sell to other communities via the railroads which connected them. Other cities were simply formed around junctions of railroad lines.
Railroads provided people, business, and infrastructure to the western US. The railroads connected isolated towns, and created a huge number of jobs for people. In fact, entire cities (like Chicago (which was known for its stockyards) and Minneapolis (for its grain industry)) began to specialize in one industry which they would sell to other communities via the railroads which connected them. Other cities were simply formed around junctions of railroad lines.
Tuesday Homework
Andrew Carnegie= Big business owner, philanthropist, founder of Carnegie Steel, donated 90% of wealth to charities.
Social Darwinism= Belief that the rich were strong and meant to survive and poor should perish.
John D. Rockefeller= Made trusts, founder of Standard Oil, bought out Carnegie Steel.
Sherman Antitrust Act= An act meant to break up trusts, but lack of clear wording made court cases difficult. Supreme court threw out 7 out of 8 cases.
Samuel Gompers= Led Cigar Makers International Union to join with other skilled workers' unions. President of American Federation of Laborors.
American Federation of Labor (AFL)= Union which used strikes as a major tactic to reach written agreements giving workers shorter hours and higher pay.
Eugene V. Debs=Founded American Railway Union, mostly unskilled railroad workers, did not accept blacks. Organized Pullman strike, ran for socialist party of America.
Industrial Workers of the World= Group of radical unionists and socialists. Included miners, loggers, canners, and dock workers. Welcomed blacks.
Mary Harris Jones=Most prominent organizer of female labor unions. Promoted Great Strike of 1877, lead severely injured children to Teddy Roosevelt's house to help pass child labor laws.
Social Darwinism= Belief that the rich were strong and meant to survive and poor should perish.
John D. Rockefeller= Made trusts, founder of Standard Oil, bought out Carnegie Steel.
Sherman Antitrust Act= An act meant to break up trusts, but lack of clear wording made court cases difficult. Supreme court threw out 7 out of 8 cases.
Samuel Gompers= Led Cigar Makers International Union to join with other skilled workers' unions. President of American Federation of Laborors.
American Federation of Labor (AFL)= Union which used strikes as a major tactic to reach written agreements giving workers shorter hours and higher pay.
Eugene V. Debs=Founded American Railway Union, mostly unskilled railroad workers, did not accept blacks. Organized Pullman strike, ran for socialist party of America.
Industrial Workers of the World= Group of radical unionists and socialists. Included miners, loggers, canners, and dock workers. Welcomed blacks.
Mary Harris Jones=Most prominent organizer of female labor unions. Promoted Great Strike of 1877, lead severely injured children to Teddy Roosevelt's house to help pass child labor laws.
Sunday, September 13, 2009
Sept. 11 homework
The three major factors which contributed to the immense technological boom that took place in the United States after the Civil War were: oil, electricity, and steel. Steel enabled architects to design stronger, taller, and bigger buildings and structures. Steel was also used to make railroad tracks and barbed wire. Electricity enabled us to power many machines which didn't have to be placed next to a river to get energy.
Wednesday, September 9, 2009
1. What are some of the main reasons that the federal government's policy of assimilation failed?
Native Americans refused to become part of America and lose their past and way of life, and because of their deep distrust of the government. Most people at the time believed Indians were savages, they mistreated Indians and the many promises of protection by the government failed. Which lead to Indians not trusting the government.
Think About:
2. How successful were government efforts to promote settlement of the Great Plains? Give examples to support your answer.
The government was very successful in promoting the settling of the west. All we had to do to get settlers to come was to make a railroad so they could transport cows and goods. The homestead act was another reason to go west. to get 160 free acres of land would be unheard of today. Considering that americans used 800 million acres of land in the west in 280 years, I would say the government was pretty successful.
Think about:
Native Americans refused to become part of America and lose their past and way of life, and because of their deep distrust of the government. Most people at the time believed Indians were savages, they mistreated Indians and the many promises of protection by the government failed. Which lead to Indians not trusting the government.
Think About:
- Native Americans' way of life
- Cultural differences
- Attitude of whites toward Native Americans
- Government promises
2. How successful were government efforts to promote settlement of the Great Plains? Give examples to support your answer.
The government was very successful in promoting the settling of the west. All we had to do to get settlers to come was to make a railroad so they could transport cows and goods. The homestead act was another reason to go west. to get 160 free acres of land would be unheard of today. Considering that americans used 800 million acres of land in the west in 280 years, I would say the government was pretty successful.
Think about:
- The growth in population on the Great Plains
- The role of railroads in the economy
- The Homestead Act
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