1. Why did American plantation owners and U.S. Marines topple Hawaii’s queen in 1893? Why was Hawaii considered to be a valuable prize? What was President Grover Cleveland’s reaction? Do you agree or disagree with his quote on page 1?
1) marines and plantation owners overthrew the queen because they supported Hawaii's annexation. Hawaii was a valuable prize because of its rich volcanic soil, and its geographic significance. Grover Cleaveland did not support Hawaii's new government because Hawaii was a soveirgen nation. He withdrew the treaty for the anexation. It is true that conquering a soveireing nation would hurt the national image. I agree with the quote.
2. Identify five important changes that transformed American in the nineteenth century. How did these five changes affect Americans?
2) Urbanization, trade, immigration, westward expansion, and the depressioon of 1893.
Immigration changed America by increasing its cultural diversity. Traditionally, most immigrants came from northern Europe, but during this time immigrants were coming from Eastern and southern Europe. With these new immigrants came the growth of cities, America was becoming more and more industrial. By the end of the 19th century, 1/3 of Americans lived in cities. Westward expansion made America bigger, and increased its wealth due to the amount of resources in the West. Trade became more important as industry became imoportant. America needed to find international markerts for its surpluses. The depression of 1893 (caused by the unexpected bankrupcy of two major railroad companies) ended a lot of this hope however, and showed that the future might not be so great after all.
3. How did the economic depression that began in 1893 deepen the divisions in American society? Which groups suffered the most during the depression?
3) Laborers worried about losing their jobs, city-dwellers about insecurity, and plant owners about losing money. The depression deepedned the slump in farmer's pay as well. many farmers were getting into more and more debt, and laborers were struggling with lower pay, while business owners saw increasing porfits before the depression.
4. What were the values many Americans attached to the frontier? Why did many Americans fear that the closing of the frontier would harm America’s national character?
4) Resourcefullness, bravery, pragmatism, ingenuity, individualism, patriotism, and egalitarianism were some of the values Americans attached to the frontier. They feared with no more vast, empty lands to settle, and no more untapped resources, America (which was largely based on expansion) would stagnate.
5. Why did some Americans suggest greater involvement overseas?
5) Americans needed to find new markets, and since America is placed right between both oceans, we could sell goods to both Asia and Europe.
6. What policy did expansionists say would ensure the economic success of the United States? What did imperialists say?
6) Expansionist believed that America needed a few ports and outposts in foreign countries (like the carribean islands and Hawaii) to increase trade, but imperialists believed the only way for the US to be economically successful would be to create an over-seas empire.
7. How did the theories of social Darwinism and scientific racism lend support to the cause of American imperialism? How were these pseudo-scientific theories used to justify racist policies and imperialism? Are they still used today?
7) Social Darwinism was the belief that the fittest race (which were the whites)should dominate other races. "Scientific" racism was the belief that some races were better than others, and it was porved "scientifically." Both of these ideas promoted imperialism, because if Americans are fittest, they have the right to conquer inferior countries. These theories are not still used today.
8. What did many Protestant churches say was America’s role in the world?
8) To spread the Anglo-saxon race (and with it, Christianity) to all corners of the globe. Because they believed it was God's plan.
9. Why did the United States become involved in several Latin American nations in the nineteenth century? Summarize why the United States became involved in Samoa, Hawaii, and other Latin American nations.
9) America became involved with several Latin American countires to ensure politcal stability, and maintain America's economic influence abroad. America became involved in Samoa because it was an important stopping point on the way to Australia. Mackinly finally annexed Hawaii because the Japanese started getting agitated that we restricted their immigration, so we claimed Hawaii once and for all. America became involved with Chile and Brazil to quell revolutions, and Nicarouga to quell disturbances.
10. Why was the United States concerned about British involvement in Venezuela? What concept did U.S. Secretary of State Richard Olney invoke in response?
10) The US didn't want Britain involved in Venezuela because it had rich deposits of gold, and if Britain made Venezuela a colony, it would get in the way of US commerce in that part of the world. Secretary of State Olney invoked the Monroe docterine.
Thursday, October 29, 2009
Monday, October 26, 2009
Spanish American War (1898)
Causes: How did each of the following help to cause the outbreak of the Spanish-American War?
1. American business owners
Interested in aquiring Cuba because of sugar cane.
2. José Martí
He was a revolutionary who wanted a free Cuba. He helped start the second Cuban civil war.
3. Valeriano Weyler
A Spanish general who sent rural cubans into concentration camps so they could not help revolutionaries. Fueled yellow journalism.
4. Yellow journalism
Sensational articles which made Spanish sound cruel and evil. Purposely stretched the truth to sell newspapers.
5. De Lôme letter
A letter from Spanish minister to the US de Lome, which called president Mckinley 'weak' and 'a bidder for the admiration of the crowd."
6. U.S.S. Maine
A US war ship sent to Cuba to protect US citizens and interests, blew up. Newspapers claimed the Spanish blew it up. Caused outrage.
Effects: What happened to each of the following territories as a result of the Spanish-American War?
7. Cuba
Cuba was freed by Spain in the Treaty of Paris.
8. Puerto Rico
Given to US from Treaty of Paris.
9. Guam
Aquired from Treaty of PAris.
10. Philippine Islands
The Filipinos wanted freedom from Spain (like the Cubans), but ended up being occupied by the US instead. Sold to US from Spain for $20 mill.
1. American business owners
Interested in aquiring Cuba because of sugar cane.
2. José Martí
He was a revolutionary who wanted a free Cuba. He helped start the second Cuban civil war.
3. Valeriano Weyler
A Spanish general who sent rural cubans into concentration camps so they could not help revolutionaries. Fueled yellow journalism.
4. Yellow journalism
Sensational articles which made Spanish sound cruel and evil. Purposely stretched the truth to sell newspapers.
5. De Lôme letter
A letter from Spanish minister to the US de Lome, which called president Mckinley 'weak' and 'a bidder for the admiration of the crowd."
6. U.S.S. Maine
A US war ship sent to Cuba to protect US citizens and interests, blew up. Newspapers claimed the Spanish blew it up. Caused outrage.
Effects: What happened to each of the following territories as a result of the Spanish-American War?
7. Cuba
Cuba was freed by Spain in the Treaty of Paris.
8. Puerto Rico
Given to US from Treaty of Paris.
9. Guam
Aquired from Treaty of PAris.
10. Philippine Islands
The Filipinos wanted freedom from Spain (like the Cubans), but ended up being occupied by the US instead. Sold to US from Spain for $20 mill.
Thursday, October 22, 2009
US Imperialism begins
1.
a) desire for military strength
b) belief in cultural superiority
c) thirst for new markets
d) desire to fit in with European powers
e) annexation of Hawaii
2. d) America wanted to compete with european powers who had set the imperialist trend.
b) american's believed they had the responsiblity to spread Christianity and their culture to "inferior races."
3. Alaska, because people thought it was a useless wasteland.
4. The sugarcane industry was controlled by whites.
6. In the 1820's yankees founded christian schools and churches on the Islands, and began growing sugar cane which they sold to the US. By 1900 immigrants and whites outnumber natives 3 to 1. Over the next fifteen years sugarcane production increases 9-fold. In 1887 Pearl harbor is built. In 1898 congress proclaimed Hawaii an American territory, it became the 50th state in 1959
a) desire for military strength
b) belief in cultural superiority
c) thirst for new markets
d) desire to fit in with European powers
e) annexation of Hawaii
2. d) America wanted to compete with european powers who had set the imperialist trend.
b) american's believed they had the responsiblity to spread Christianity and their culture to "inferior races."
3. Alaska, because people thought it was a useless wasteland.
4. The sugarcane industry was controlled by whites.
6. In the 1820's yankees founded christian schools and churches on the Islands, and began growing sugar cane which they sold to the US. By 1900 immigrants and whites outnumber natives 3 to 1. Over the next fifteen years sugarcane production increases 9-fold. In 1887 Pearl harbor is built. In 1898 congress proclaimed Hawaii an American territory, it became the 50th state in 1959
Sunday, October 18, 2009
Child labor Reform Photographs
Examine the eight photographs taken by photographer Lewis W. Hine around the turn of the century.
For each photograph consider the following questions: (Copy the following and post it to your blog. Title: Child Labor Reform Photographs Labels: Child_Labor, Progressive_Era )
Objective Assessment
As you view each photograph take note about what you see. (note people, background, objects) Pretend you were describing the image to someone who could not see it. Try to avoid making judgments.
Where are these children? List any clues relating to their surroundings.
Describe any tools or objects you see.
Describe their clothing. What do their clothes reveal about their work?
Subjective Assessment
What questions do you have about each of these photographs?
Based on your observations, list three things you might infer about the lives of these children. (Be sure to consider Hine's notes about the photographs when considering this.
Photograph A
A girl in a tattered dress is standing beside a window and a long line of sewing machines in a factory. Why can't the girl remember her age? What does Hine mean "Runs 4 sides-48 cents a day."? If she can't remember her age she must not go to school. if she is 51 inches high she is probabley between 7-10 years old. Because her dress is so wrinkled; she probabley works very long.
Photograph B
The girls are standing outside of a building. Their hair is unkempt, and some of the girls' hair has straw in it. Why is there straw in their hair? Why is the girl in the middle so angry? Why is the girl on the far right smiling? From the photograph I can infer that the building behind the girls is a factory, and the factory processes hay. because their hair is up, it probabley means they work with machines and they don't want there hair to be caught.
Photograph C
The girl is in a room full of sewing machines. Her dress is dirty and wrinkled, and she has no shoes. What does "happened in" mean? Why did the overseer of the factory allow Hine in? What does this girl do? Because the girl is young I can infer that she does not get payed a lot of money. Also, because her dress is dirty, she might work fixing the machines.
Photograph D
The boy is standing next to a street lamp on a street corner with newspapers. He is very small.
Why is he so small? Why does it look like he has no hair? He is probabley small because he is malnurited. He is lucky enough to have shoes.
Photograph E
Breaker Boys are in a building on rows stacked on top of eachother. The coal dust is very dense. Slave-drivers stand next to them with sticks to poke them with. Why is one row on top of the next? Why don't they open the windows? From the amount of dust in that room, all of those boys will die an early death. From the way they are sitting they must have sore backs all the time.
Photograph F
The room is dark and is filled with devices and machines. One boy's shirt is ripped, maybe he got it caught on the end of a pipe. Why are there so many pipes? Why is the room so cramped? Why does the boy on the far left have a fedora? Like the coal workers, I bet there is a lot of dust in that room that could get in your lungs.
Photograph G
The room is long with exposed rafters and a pit in the center. It is hard to tell with what the shuckers are shiucking with. Why is there a hole in the center of the building? Why is a little girl tstanding over the pit? Are the babies working? It seems as though the shuckers are mostly children and women. They wages are probabley low because they aren't men.
Photograph H
There is a nice looking brick building. All the girls haveshauls over their heads, and all the boys have hats on. Why do they all have head coverings? Why is there an old man at the far right of the photo? These children must not go to school because they would be too tired. They are probabley tired all the time because their Circadian rythms are out of wack.
For each photograph consider the following questions: (Copy the following and post it to your blog. Title: Child Labor Reform Photographs Labels: Child_Labor, Progressive_Era )
Objective Assessment
As you view each photograph take note about what you see. (note people, background, objects) Pretend you were describing the image to someone who could not see it. Try to avoid making judgments.
Where are these children? List any clues relating to their surroundings.
Describe any tools or objects you see.
Describe their clothing. What do their clothes reveal about their work?
Subjective Assessment
What questions do you have about each of these photographs?
Based on your observations, list three things you might infer about the lives of these children. (Be sure to consider Hine's notes about the photographs when considering this.
Photograph A
A girl in a tattered dress is standing beside a window and a long line of sewing machines in a factory. Why can't the girl remember her age? What does Hine mean "Runs 4 sides-48 cents a day."? If she can't remember her age she must not go to school. if she is 51 inches high she is probabley between 7-10 years old. Because her dress is so wrinkled; she probabley works very long.
Photograph B
The girls are standing outside of a building. Their hair is unkempt, and some of the girls' hair has straw in it. Why is there straw in their hair? Why is the girl in the middle so angry? Why is the girl on the far right smiling? From the photograph I can infer that the building behind the girls is a factory, and the factory processes hay. because their hair is up, it probabley means they work with machines and they don't want there hair to be caught.
Photograph C
The girl is in a room full of sewing machines. Her dress is dirty and wrinkled, and she has no shoes. What does "happened in" mean? Why did the overseer of the factory allow Hine in? What does this girl do? Because the girl is young I can infer that she does not get payed a lot of money. Also, because her dress is dirty, she might work fixing the machines.
Photograph D
The boy is standing next to a street lamp on a street corner with newspapers. He is very small.
Why is he so small? Why does it look like he has no hair? He is probabley small because he is malnurited. He is lucky enough to have shoes.
Photograph E
Breaker Boys are in a building on rows stacked on top of eachother. The coal dust is very dense. Slave-drivers stand next to them with sticks to poke them with. Why is one row on top of the next? Why don't they open the windows? From the amount of dust in that room, all of those boys will die an early death. From the way they are sitting they must have sore backs all the time.
Photograph F
The room is dark and is filled with devices and machines. One boy's shirt is ripped, maybe he got it caught on the end of a pipe. Why are there so many pipes? Why is the room so cramped? Why does the boy on the far left have a fedora? Like the coal workers, I bet there is a lot of dust in that room that could get in your lungs.
Photograph G
The room is long with exposed rafters and a pit in the center. It is hard to tell with what the shuckers are shiucking with. Why is there a hole in the center of the building? Why is a little girl tstanding over the pit? Are the babies working? It seems as though the shuckers are mostly children and women. They wages are probabley low because they aren't men.
Photograph H
There is a nice looking brick building. All the girls haveshauls over their heads, and all the boys have hats on. Why do they all have head coverings? Why is there an old man at the far right of the photo? These children must not go to school because they would be too tired. They are probabley tired all the time because their Circadian rythms are out of wack.
Tuesday, October 13, 2009
Progressivism Under Taft
1. Taft was TR's secretary of War, and was hand-picked by TR to run as his sucessor in 1908.
2. TR came back from a hunting trip in 1910 and proposed "new nationalism" he ran for office in 1912.
3. The republicans were split between Taft and TR, which opened up a power void which the democrat Woodrow Wilson filled.
4. Wilson used the Clayton Anti-trust Act 1914 and the Federal Trade Commission 1914 to bust trusts.
5. In 1919 congress passsed the 19th amendment (granting women the right to vote), and it was ratified in 1920.
6. WWI essentially ended the reform era because legislators were distracted, and reform efforts stalled.
2. TR came back from a hunting trip in 1910 and proposed "new nationalism" he ran for office in 1912.
3. The republicans were split between Taft and TR, which opened up a power void which the democrat Woodrow Wilson filled.
4. Wilson used the Clayton Anti-trust Act 1914 and the Federal Trade Commission 1914 to bust trusts.
5. In 1919 congress passsed the 19th amendment (granting women the right to vote), and it was ratified in 1920.
6. WWI essentially ended the reform era because legislators were distracted, and reform efforts stalled.
Monday, October 5, 2009
urbanization
1. Urbanization means the growth of cities.
2. Americans began moving to cities because the advent of new technologies such as the Mccormick reaper and the steel plow made it possible for a small number of people to work the land and still be efficient. Also, man blacks who owned farms were put out of business and fled to northern cities to flee racial violence.
3. Some poor lived in row houses, houses that were in rows and shared sidewalls or tenements. Tenements were one family homes that had many families living together in them. The ventiliation in those houses was very poor, so the government set a ventilation standard. Landlords began making windows and vents in their tenements, but people put trash in the vents, and nailed their windows shut to keep out the smell.
2. Americans began moving to cities because the advent of new technologies such as the Mccormick reaper and the steel plow made it possible for a small number of people to work the land and still be efficient. Also, man blacks who owned farms were put out of business and fled to northern cities to flee racial violence.
3. Some poor lived in row houses, houses that were in rows and shared sidewalls or tenements. Tenements were one family homes that had many families living together in them. The ventiliation in those houses was very poor, so the government set a ventilation standard. Landlords began making windows and vents in their tenements, but people put trash in the vents, and nailed their windows shut to keep out the smell.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)